The Nigerian nursing profession is currently confronted with a profound identity crisis characterized by the systematic undervaluation of its clinical, scientific, and human contributions within the healthcare system. Although nursing constitutes the backbone of Nigeria’s strained health infrastructure, its expertise is frequently misconstrued as basic supportive care rather than acknowledged as a distinct professional and scientific discipline. This persistent marginalization has contributed to severe workforce attrition, limited professional advancement, and the underutilization of nursing’s potential to improve patient outcomes. This paper argues that addressing this crisis requires a fundamental paradigm shift away from role competition with medicine toward the deliberate reclamation and validation of nursing’s sovereign domain – advanced professional caregiving grounded in scientific practice. Using an integrative multi-modal approach, the study critically analyzes Nigeria’s nursing-related policies, legal frameworks, and empirical research published between 2021 and 2025, alongside a structured review of global Advanced Practice Nursing models. The findings reveal a “triple blockage” comprising weak strategic governance and regulatory imbalance, a disconnect between advanced practice policies and clinical implementation, and the epistemic and economic invisibility of nursing knowledge. Comparative analysis further identifies essential enablers of professional distinction, including robust legislation, clear role definition, and integration into healthcare financing systems. Based on these insights, the paper proposes a three-pillar national reform framework: strengthening authoritative nursing governance, establishing a legislated Consultant Nurse cadre with a protected scope of practice, and mandating standardized nursing care plans to demonstrate value. This reform agenda offers a practical pathway to restoring professional autonomy and reinforcing nursing’s central role in Nigeria’s health system.

Keywords: Nursing identity, Professional autonomy, Advanced practice nursing, Health Workforce Reform, NSDNM,

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